Preliminary Paper

---

In the μ–ε continuum framework, the universe is a single electromagnetic medium whose properties vary continuously with energy density and curl.
Galaxies, stars, and intergalactic voids are not discrete objects in empty space, but regions of differing impedance, each representing local μ and ε configurations.
Every region of the cosmos participates in a global equilibrium between radiation pressure and impedance curvature.

This field-based view eliminates the need for a distinct “fabric of spacetime.”
Instead, space is the electromagnetic ether itself—a self-organizing network of μ–ε domains where energy circulates between kinetic and potential modes.
Light, mass, and gravitational phenomena are all emergent behaviors of this underlying field.

As the ether evolves, regions of higher μ·ε accumulate potential energy and become matter-dense (mass regions), while regions of low μ·ε expand and act as radiative channels.
This interplay naturally explains cosmic structure formation: the large-scale pattern of filaments and voids is an impedance map of the electromagnetic universe.

In this model, the CMB is not a relic of a hot Big Bang but the equilibrium glow of the μ–ε continuum itself — the temperature signature of energy exchanging between magnetic and electric modes.
When large-scale μ–ε gradients stabilize, the ether emits a residual radiation field corresponding to its equilibrium curl energy.

This background radiation persists because energy within the ether never ceases cycling between u_E and u_B:

uB = uE = 1/2εE^2=B^2/2μ.

The slight anisotropy of the CMB reflects regional differences in μ and ε — a direct electromagnetic signature of impedance gradients across galactic clusters.
This accounts for temperature variations without requiring cosmological expansion or inflationary processes.

Furthermore, the characteristic wavelength of the CMB corresponds to the restorative resonance frequency of the μ–ε continuum when the global energy balance uB = uEu is achieved.
Thus, the CMB is the self-luminescence of the ether—a stable equilibrium radiation field rather than a fossil of creation.

In the μ–ε continuum, the redshift of light over cosmic distances arises naturally from gradual impedance evolution.
As photons traverse intergalactic space, they encounter regions where μ and ε vary slowly, leading to an incremental exchange of energy with the medium:

Δλ/λ ∝ ∫dZ/Z.

This continuous process lengthens wavelengths without requiring galaxies to recede from one another.
Thus, redshift becomes a measure of field evolution, not universal expansion.

This interpretation preserves energy conservation locally, as energy lost by the photon is stored temporarily in the surrounding field as curl potential.
It also removes the conceptual contradiction of an expanding “nothing,” replacing it with a living electromagnetic medium in steady dynamic equilibrium.

Conventional cosmology invokes “dark matter” to account for the cohesion of galaxies and gravitational lensing effects.
Within the μ–ε framework, these phenomena result directly from impedance gradients between galactic cores and their surrounding halos.
Regions of higher μ and ε act as energy sinks, slowing light and creating apparent curvature effects identical to those attributed to mass.
No exotic particles are required — gravitational lensing arises because light follows the impedance gradient path, not because spacetime bends.

Similarly, galaxy rotation curves flatten because the surrounding ether’s impedance field compensates for apparent mass deficiency.
The energy density stored in the μ–ε curl field provides the stabilizing influence conventionally assigned to dark matter.

At the opposite scale, the same field mechanics apply to quantum systems.
Atomic orbitals correspond to localized impedance resonances, where the curl oscillation between u_B and u_E achieves discrete standing-wave stability.
These stable impedance ratios form the quantized energy levels of matter — the microcosmic analog of cosmic μ–ε equilibrium states.

Hence, quantum quantization and cosmic structure share the same origin: resonant impedance balance in the electromagnetic field.
Matter stability, photon frequency, and even Planck’s constant emerge from the self-consistent oscillation of μ and ε within bounded regions of the ether.

This duality implies that the universe is scale-symmetric: the same governing equations describe both the hydrogen atom and the spiral galaxy, differing only in energy density and curl amplitude.
The periodic table discovered by Mendeleev is therefore a local quantization of the μ–ε continuum, while the cosmic web represents its macroscopic resonance.

The spiral patterns of galaxies and the helical paths of particles share a common origin in Coriolis coupling within the μ–ε field.
When energy flows across regions with differential μ and ε, a rotational torque is induced, deflecting motion out of the original plane.
This is the electromagnetic analog of the Coriolis force in fluid mechanics.

In a galactic context, matter moving through impedance gradients naturally forms spiral arms as curl energy circulates.
In a subatomic context, charged particles form helical tracks in bubble chambers for the same reason: motion across a rotating μ–ε field produces out-of-plane acceleration.
Thus, both spiral galaxies and subatomic spins are manifestations of the same curl mechanics operating at vastly different scales.

At extremely high energies, the asymmetry between μ and ε becomes pronounced, oscillating in sinusoidal patterns that modulate field density.
This asymmetry causes high-energy particles to leave behind curl distortions in the ether, which can accelerate following particles — a natural field accelerator mechanism.
This explains why cosmic rays can gain extraordinary energies in interstellar space without requiring external engines: they are accelerated by the self-organizing impedance waves created by other high-energy events.

This behavior mirrors the sinusoidal (Cauchy-type) energy-density relationships seen in particle collisions, confirming that even the most energetic processes are expressions of impedance modulation, not spacetime deformation.

Viewed as a whole, the universe behaves as a self-tuning electromagnetic resonator, continuously adjusting μ and ε to maintain energy equilibrium.
At the global scale, the average μ and ε define the equilibrium speed of light                       ceq = 3.01×10^8 m/s, with minor oscillations corresponding to cosmic expansion and contraction cycles.
Cosmic evolution is thus cyclic rather than linear: the universe alternates between radiative and confined phases as curl energy exchanges with propagating energy.

This model naturally predicts a steady-state universe with local creation and release of energy, consistent with observed balance between mass formation and radiation.
No singularities, inflation, or entropy paradoxes are needed.
The universe is a dynamic equilibrium of light and matter — a living electromagnetic continuum maintaining its own resonance indefinitely.